The following article on men's health questions and answers will help you better understand what the problem of male infertility is and what is its treatment.
The rate of infertility in couples is up to 15%. Clinical diagnosis of infertility in women and men is determined when they are unable to conceive, despite having unprotected sex regularly for a year or longer. Male infertility accounts for more than a third of these cases.
Male infertility is caused by lack of sperm, abnormal sperm function, or obstruction of the vas deferens. Illness, injury, health problems, lifestyle and other factors can also be the cause of male infertility.
Difficulty having children affects the psychology and health of men. However, nowadays there are many methods that can treat this disease.
The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive. There are no obvious signs or symptoms. However, in a few cases, related problems such as genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, dilated veins around the testicles, or vasectomy will have easy signs and symptoms. know more.
Having problems with the sexual function. Examples: difficulty ejaculating or ejaculating too little, decreased libido, or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction)
- Pain, swelling, or lumps in the testicles
- Recurrent respiratory infection
- Loss olfactory ability
- Abnormal breast growth (male breast enlargement)
- Decreased amount of hair, facial or body hair or other signs of chromosomal or hormonal abnormalities.
A lower sperm count than normal (under 15 million sperm per 1 ml semen or a sperm count less than 39 million per ejaculation)
See your doctor if you are unable to conceive after 1 year of regular intercourse, or sooner if you have any of the following symptoms:
- Erection or ejaculation problems, little sex drive, or problems other than sexual function
- Pain, discomfort, lump or swelling in the testicular area
- History of inflammation of the testicles, prostate gland or sexual problems
- Surgery of the groin, testicles, penis or scrotum
Male fertility problems can be caused by a number of health problems and medical treatments, including:
Dilation phenomenon of veins in the scrotum, skin sacs containing testicles. It is the most common cause of male infertility.
Although it is not known exactly why varicoceles causes infertility, it can be related to an abnormality in testicle temperature. Varicoceles can decrease sperm quality.
Treatment with varicocele can improve sperm count and function, and fertility is also increased using fertility techniques such as in vitro fertilization.
Certain infections can interfere with sperm production or sperm health. Or may cause scarring that hinders sperm movement.
These include inflammation of the testicles or testicles and some sexually transmitted diseases, including gonorrhea or HIV. Although some infections can lead to permanent testicular damage, most common sperm can still be removed.
Reverse ejaculation occurs when semen enters the bladder at "orgasm" instead of going to the tip of the penis. Certain male health problems can cause retrograde ejaculation, including diabetes, spinal injuries, medications, and surgery to the bladder, prostate or urethra.
Some people have spinal cord injuries or some diseases are unable to ejaculate, even though they still produce sperm. Usually in these cases, sperm can still be removed for use in artificial reproduction techniques.
Anti-sperm antibodies are immune system cells that mistakenly identify sperm as harmful invaders and attempt to eliminate them.
Cancer and benign tumors can directly affect male reproductive organs, through the release of hormones involved in reproduction, such as the pituitary gland. In some cases, surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy to treat tumors can affect male fertility.
In some men, during fetal development, one or both testicles do not descend into the testicular sac (scrotum) as usual. People with this condition will be at increased risk of decreased fertility.
Infertility can be due to a testicular disorder or an abnormality that affects other hormonal systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) and other hormonal problems may be the underlying cause.
There are many tubes that carry sperm. They can be blocked for a variety of reasons, including accidental trauma from surgery, infection, trauma, or abnormal growth of cystic fibrosis or similar genetic conditions.
Obstruction can occur of any degree, including in the testicles, in the testicular tubes, in the vas deferens, near the vas deferens, or in the urethra.
Genetic disorders such as Klinefelter's syndrome (a condition of non-dissociation) - men born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome (instead of one X and one Y) - cause flare abnormal development of male reproductive organs. Other genetic syndromes associated with infertility include cystic fibrosis, Kallmann's or Kartagener's syndrome.
These can include erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, painful intercourse, or sexual or relationship problems that interfere with sex.
A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility. Fertility may improve after adopting a gluten-free diet.
Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term steroid use, cancer drugs (chemotherapy), certain antifungal drugs, ulcers, and others can reduce sperm production and decrease fertility. men's.
Some surgeries can leave men without sperm on ejaculation, including vasectomy, disc herniation repair, scrotum or testicle surgery, prostate surgery, and surgery performed. for testicular and rectal cancers.
In most cases, surgery can be done to reverse these blockages or to remove sperm directly from semen and testes.
Overexposure to certain environmental factors such as heat, toxins and chemicals can decrease sperm count or function. Specific causes include:
• Industrial chemicals. Long-term exposure to benzene, toluene, xylene, pesticides, herbicides, organic solvents, paints and lead materials can reduce sperm count.
• Heavy metal exposure. Lead or other heavy metals can also cause infertility.
• Radiation or X-rays. Exposure to radiation can reduce spermatozoa, although it may return to normal.
• Increased testicular temperature. High temperatures impair sperm function. Though studies are limited and have no clear conclusions. Regular sauna or hot tubs can temporarily reduce sperm count.
Sitting for a long time, wearing tight clothing or working on the computer for long periods of time can also increase testicular temperature and decrease sperm count.
Some other causes of male infertility include:
Anabolic steroids are used to stimulate muscle strength and growth can cause the testicles to contract and sperm production to decrease. Use of cocaine or marijuana can temporarily decrease sperm count and quality.
Drinking alcohol can lower testosterone levels, cause erectile dysfunction, and decrease sperm production.
Smokers may have a lower sperm count than non-smokers. Secondhand smoke can also affect male fertility.
Stress can affect certain hormones that are needed to produce sperm. Excessive or prolonged stress, can affect your sperm count.
Research shows that pregnancy may be lower if men are depressed. In addition, depression in men can cause sexual dysfunction due to decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or delay, inhibition of ejaculation.
Obesity can impair fertility in a number of ways, including directly affecting sperm as well as causing hormone changes that decrease male fertility.
Risk factors associated with male infertility include:
- Smoking
- Drinking alcohol
- Using certain illegal drugs
- Overweight
- Having severe depression or stress
- Infection
- Exposure toxic
- Increase heat the testes
- history of injury testicles
- Cut vasectomy surgery or abdominal or pelvic pre
- history hidden testicles
- reproductive failure congenital
- some certain pathology. Such as tumors and chronic illnesses, sickle cell anemia
- Taking medicine or medical treatment, such as surgery or radiation therapy, to treat cancer
Infertility can be stressful for both you and your partner. Complications of male infertility can include:
- Having surgery to treat the cause of low sperm count or other fertility problems
- May have to use artificial forms of reproduction
- Stress and difficulty in relationships
There are some cases of male infertility that cannot be prevented. However, you can avoid the cause of infertility. Examples:
- Do not smoke
- Limit or abstain from alcohol
- Stay away from illegal drugs
- Lose weight
- Do not have a vasectomy
- Avoid effects that increase testicular temperature
- Reduce stress
- Avoid continuing exposure to pesticides, heavy metals and other toxins
See more:
What is primary infertility and is it treatable?
The biggest cause of infertility in both men and women is lifestyle or congenital?
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