Rocket launches, whether from NASA, SpaceX or the Chinese Space Agency, all have similarities in location and rocket shape to protect people's safety and launch rockets into space with the least amount of effort.
First, the launch site must be near the sea.
The first few minutes after launch are crucial. The rocket is rigged so that if it fails, it will crash into a deserted ocean rather than a populated area.
Some spaceports are not near the sea, such as Baikonur in Kazakhstan, but rockets are set to fly on routes that do not pass over populated areas to ensure safety.
Another requirement for a launch site is latitude. NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida is at 28 degrees north latitude, the Wenchang Space Launch Center is at 19 degrees north latitude, SpaceX's Starbase facility is at 25 degrees north latitude, and the European Space Agency's (ESA) Guiana Center is at 5 degrees north latitude.
This common feature is because if there is support from the Earth, the rocket can fly into space more easily.
At the equator, the Earth rotates at 1,650 km/h relative to the center of the planet. The closer to the equator, the less fuel is needed to fly into space because this rotational speed can be taken advantage of.
Rockets launched near the equator would start flying at 5% of the speed needed to reach orbit, significantly reducing fuel, significantly increasing payload mass.
Russian Soyuz spacecraft launched from the equator can carry 60% more cargo than those launched from Kazakhstan.
However, launching near the equator is useful for many orbits but not all. There are spaceports located further north where the speed boost is not needed.
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