What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

For those who are new to school, new to the field of Information Technology - IT, to those who are working... they must have heard many times about VPN, or virtual private network, virtual personal network... So what is VPN really, what are the advantages and disadvantages of VPN? Let's discuss with WebTech360 the definition of VPN, how to apply this model and system in work.

Learn about VPN

1. What is a VPN?

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, is a network technology that creates a secure network connection when participating in a public network such as the Internet or a private network owned by a service provider. Large corporations, educational institutions, and government agencies use VPN technology to allow remote users to securely connect to their agency's private network.

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

A VPN system can connect many different sites, based on region, geographical area... similar to the Wide Area Network (WAN) standard . In addition, VPN is also used to "diffuse" and expand Intranet models to transmit information and data better. For example, schools still have to use VPN to connect between school campuses (or between branches and headquarters) together.

If you want to connect to the VPN system, each account must be authenticated (must have a Username and Password ). This account authentication information is used to grant access through a data - Personal Identification Number (PIN) , these PIN codes are usually only valid for a certain period of time (30 seconds or 1 minute).

When you connect your computer or another device such as a phone or tablet to a VPN, your computer acts as if it were on the same local network as the VPN. All network traffic is sent over a secure connection to the VPN. This allows you to securely access your local network resources even when you are far away.

You can also use the Internet as if you were at the VPN's location, which offers some benefits when using public WiFi or accessing blocked, geo-restricted websites.

When you browse the web with a VPN, your computer contacts the website through an encrypted VPN connection. All requests, information, and data exchanged between you and the website are transmitted over a secure connection. If you use a VPN in the United States to access Netflix, Netflix will see your connection as coming from the United States.

Although it sounds quite simple, in reality VPNs are used to do a lot of things:

  • Accessing the corporate network while away: VPNs are often used by business people to access their corporate network, including all resources on the local network, while on the road, traveling, etc. The resources on the internal network do not need to be directly exposed to the Internet, thereby increasing security.
  • Access your home network, even when you're away from home: You can set up your own VPN to access it when you're away from home. This will allow you to remotely access Windows over the Internet, use shared files on your local network, and play computer games over the Internet as if you were on the same LAN.
  • Anonymous browsing: If you are using public WiFi, browsing on non-https websites, the security of the data exchanged on the network will be easily exposed. If you want to hide your browsing activities to make your data more secure, you should connect to a VPN. All information transmitted over the network will now be encrypted.
  • Access geo-blocked websites, bypass Internet censorship, bypass firewalls,...
  • Downloading files: Downloading BitTorrent over a VPN will help speed up your file downloads. This is also helpful for traffic that your ISP might be blocking.

2. Important Features of VPN

Encryption

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

One of the main functions of a VPN is to block unauthorized users' attempts to intercept, read, or change the contents of your Internet traffic. It achieves this by converting your actual data into an unreadable format, through a process called encryption.

Data is protected by an encryption key that can only be set by authorized users. To decrypt the data, you will need the same decryption key. A VPN encrypts your data as it enters the VPN tunnel and then returns it to its original format on the other end.

There are three types of encryption techniques that most VPNs use. They are:

Symmetric Encryption : Symmetric encryption is an ancient form of cryptography that uses an algorithm to transform data. The “key” is an element in the algorithm that changes the entire result of the encryption. Both the sender and the receiver use the same key to encrypt or decrypt the data.

These algorithms group data into a series of grids and then shift, swap, and scramble the contents of the grids using a key. This technique is called a block cipher and is the basis of commonly used key encryption systems including AES and Blowfish.

  • AES : Advanced Encryption System or AES is a block cipher mandated by the US government and used by most VPN services around the world. It breaks data streams into 128-bit arrays, which are 16 bytes long. Keys can be 128, 192, or 256 bits long, while blocks are 4x4 byte grids. If you are not familiar with data units, you should learn the difference between bits and bytes. The length of the key determines the number of rounds of encryption or the number of transitions. For example, AES-256 performs 14 rounds of encryption, making it extremely secure.
  • Blowfish : Users who do not trust the security provided by AES will use Blowfish. It uses an open source algorithm, which is why Blowfish is also included in the open source OpenVPN system. However, on a technical level, Blowfish is weaker than AES because it uses 64-bit blocks – which is half the size of the AES block. This is why most VPN services prefer AES over Blowfish.

Public key encryption : An obvious flaw with symmetric encryption is that both the sender and the receiver need to have the same key. You would have to send the key to the VPN server to initiate communication. If interceptors somehow get hold of the key, they can decrypt all data encrypted with that key. Public key encryption provides a solution to the security risk of key transmission. Public key encryption uses two keys, one of which is public. Data encrypted with a public key can only be decrypted with the corresponding decryption key and vice versa.

Hashing : Hashing is the third encryption method used by VPNs. It uses Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) to preserve data integrity and verify that the data comes from the original source.

Split tunneling

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

Split tunneling is a popular VPN feature that lets you choose which apps are secured with the VPN and which can work normally. It's a useful feature that lets you keep part of your internet traffic private and route the rest through your local network.

Split tunneling can be a useful tool for saving some bandwidth because it only sends a portion of your internet traffic through the tunnel. So if you have sensitive data to transfer, you can protect that data without experiencing the inevitable latency that a VPN can cause in other online activities.

Data and bandwidth limits

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

Data and bandwidth limits are limits that determine how much data you can transfer or how much bandwidth you can use at one time. VPN services use data and bandwidth limits to control the amount and speed of data flowing across the network.

It is important for VPN providers to maintain limits to prevent congestion and outages. However, premium providers with large infrastructures like ExpressVPN, NordVPN, PIA, and Surfshark do not place any data and bandwidth limits on usage.

No Logging Policy

A no-logs policy is a promise by a VPN service provider that it will never keep a record of a user’s online activities. A no-logs policy is a major selling point for VPNs as it is one of the main reasons people use VPNs in the first place.

Not many VPNs offer a complete no-logs service, and even those that are strictly no-logs tend to keep some logs. If you’re not sure which VPN to choose that truly keeps no logs, look for services that only use RAM servers. Such servers store temporary data that is deleted when the hardware is turned off.

Connect multiple devices simultaneously

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

Simultaneous device connections refers to the number of devices that can connect to the VPN at the same time. Most VPNs place a limit on simultaneous connections, and only a few of them can accommodate unlimited connections at a time.

One thing to remember with multiple device connections is that you can install VPNs on as many devices as you like, but you can't have them running on all of them at once.

Kill switch

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

A VPN kill switch is a feature that disconnects your device from the Internet if the VPN connection is unexpectedly lost. This is an important VPN feature that prevents you from sending data outside the secure VPN tunnel.

IP Leak Protection

The main purpose of using a VPN is to hide your real IP address from prying eyes. But sometimes your original IP address can be exposed, exposing your location, browsing history, and online internet activity. This is known as an IP leak, and it defeats the purpose of using a VPN.

Many top VPNs have built-in IP/DNS leak protection enabled by default. They also provide tools to check your real IP and the one assigned to you by the VPN. With an active VPN connection, the two IP addresses should not match.

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

IP Shuffle

IP Shuffle is a VPN security feature that randomizes your IP address. VPNs do this by reconnecting you to a different VPN server after a certain amount of time. Most VPNs allow users to set this random connection frequency with a variety of options, from every 10 minutes to every hour to every day.

3. Commonly used protocols in VPN

VPN products vary widely in terms of convenience, efficiency, and security. If security is a top concern, an organization should pay attention to the protocols supported by the VPN service. Some widely used protocols have significant weaknesses, while others provide state-of-the-art security. The best protocols currently available are OpenVPN and IKEv2.

Learn about VPN protocols

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

A VPN protocol is essentially a set of protocols. There are several functions that every VPN must be able to handle:

- Tunnelling (data transmission technique over multiple networks with different protocols) - The basic function of VPN is to deliver packets from one point to another without revealing them to anyone on the way. To do this, VPN encapsulates all data in a format that both the client and the server understand. The sending side puts the data into the tunneling format and the receiving side extracts it to get the information.

- Encryption : Tunnelling does not provide protection. Anyone can extract the data. The data also needs to be encrypted in transit. The receiver will know how to decrypt the data from a given sender.

- Authentication . To be secure, a VPN must confirm the identity of any client that attempts to “communicate” with it. The client needs to confirm that it has reached the intended server.

- Session management : Once a user is authenticated, the VPN needs to maintain a session so that the client can continue to “communicate” with it for a period of time.

VPN protocols generally treat tunneling, authentication, and session management as a package. Weaknesses in any of these functions are potential security holes in the protocol. Encryption is a specialized field, and it’s also very difficult, so rather than trying to invent something new, VPNs often use a combination of trusted encryption protocols. Here are some common VPN protocols and their strengths and weaknesses.

Weak protocols

Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

The oldest protocol still in use is PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol). PPTP was first used in 1995. PPTP does not specify an encryption protocol, but can use a number of protocols, such as the strong MPPE-128. The lack of standardization on the strength of the protocol is a risk, as it can only use the strongest encryption standard that both sides support. If one side only supports a weaker standard, the connection must use weaker encryption than the user expects.

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

However, the real problem with PPTP is the authentication process. PPTP uses the MS-CHAP protocol, which can be easily cracked in its current form. An attacker can log in and impersonate an authorized user.

IP security (IPSec)

Used to secure communications and data streams in the Internet environment (environment outside the VPN). This is the key point, the amount of traffic via IPSec is mainly used by Transport modes , or tunnels (also called tunnels - this concept is often used in Proxy, SOCKS) to ENCRYPTE data in VPN.

The difference between these modes is:

  • Transport mode only encrypts the data inside the packets (data package - or also known as payload). While Tunnel encrypts the entire data packet.

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

Therefore, IPSec is often referred to as a Security Overlay , because IPSec uses layers of security over other protocols.

L2TP

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

The L2TP protocol typically works with the IPSec encryption algorithm. It is significantly stronger than PPTP, but it is still a concern for users. The main vulnerability in L2TP/IPSec is the public key exchange method. The Diffie-Hellman public key exchange is how two parties agree on the next encryption key, and no one else knows about it. There is a method to “crack” this process, which requires a significant amount of computing power, but then allows access to all communications on a given VPN.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)

Similar to IPSec, the above two protocols also use passwords to ensure security between connections in the Internet environment.

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

SSL VPN Model

In addition, the above two protocols also use Handshake mode - related to the account authentication process between client and server. For a connection to be considered successful, this authentication process will use Certificates - which are account authentication keys stored on both server and client.

Protocols with better security

IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange)

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

IKEv2 (Internet Key Exchange) is rated as highly secure among current protocols. IKEv2 uses IPSec tunneling and has a wide choice of encryption protocols. IKEv2 uses AES-256 encryption, which is very difficult to crack. IKEv2 uses strong certificate-based authentication and can use the HMAC algorithm to verify the integrity of transmitted data. IKEv2 supports fast communication and is particularly robust in maintaining sessions, even when the Internet connection is interrupted. Windows, MacOS, iOS, and Android all support IKEv2. Several open source implementations are also available.

Version 1 of the protocol was introduced in 1998 and version 2 in 2005. IKEv2 is not one of the newest protocols, but it is very well maintained.

SSTP (Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol)

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

SSTP (Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol) is a Microsoft product, primarily supported on Windows. When used with AES encryption and SSL, SSTP provides good security in theory. No known vulnerabilities have been found in SSTP, but it is possible that some weaknesses exist.

One practical problem with SSTP is limited support on non-Windows systems.

OpenVPN

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

OpenVPN is an open protocol suite that provides strong security features and has become very popular. OpenVPN was first released in 2001 under the GPL license. OpenVPN is open source, so it is guaranteed to be tested for vulnerabilities. OpenVPN's encryption functionality typically uses the OpenSSL library. OpenSSL supports many encryption algorithms, including AES.

There isn't any support for OpenVPN at the operating system level, but many packages include their own OpenVPN clients.

Getting the most security out of a protocol requires administrators to handle it correctly. The OpenVPN community provides recommendations for enhancing OpenVPN security.

SoftEther (Software Ethernet)

What is VPN? Advantages and disadvantages of VPN virtual private network

SoftEther (Software Ethernet) is a relative newcomer, first introduced in 2014. Like OpenVPN, SoftEther is also open source. SoftEther supports the strongest encryption protocols, including AES-256 and 4096-bit RSA. SoftEther offers greater communication speeds than most protocols, including OpenVPN, at a given data rate. It does not support its own operating system, but can be installed on a variety of operating systems, including Windows, Mac, Android, iOS, Linux, and Unix.

As a new protocol, SoftEther doesn’t have as much support as some other protocols. SoftEther hasn’t been around as long as OpenVPN, so users haven’t had as much time to test the protocol for potential weaknesses. However, SoftEther is a strong contender for anyone who needs top-notch security.

So which protocol to choose?

The question “Which protocol is the most secure?” is difficult to answer. IKEv2, OpenVPN, and SoftEther are all strong contenders. OpenVPN and SoftEther have the advantage of being open source. IKEv2 has open source implementations, but there are also proprietary implementations. The main security advantage of IKEv2 is that it is easy to install, reducing the risk of configuration errors. SoftEther offers very good security, but users have not had as much experience with SoftEther as they have with the other two protocols, so it is possible that SoftEther has issues that users have not yet discovered.

OpenVPN's code has been around for years for security experts to review. OpenVPN is widely used and supports the strongest encryption protocols. The final decision will also depend on other factors, such as convenience and speed, or whether security is a major concern.

4. Advantages and disadvantages of VPN

That's the theory, but when applied in practice, what are the advantages and disadvantages of VPN? Please continue to discuss with WebTech360.

To build a private network system, a virtual personal network, using VPN is an inexpensive solution. We can imagine this, the Internet environment is the bridge, the main communication to transmit data, in terms of cost, it is completely reasonable compared to paying to set up a private connection with a high price. Besides, having to use software and hardware systems to support the account authentication process is not cheap. Comparing the convenience that VPN brings with the cost of setting up a system as you wish, VPN is clearly superior.

But besides that, there are very obvious disadvantages such as:

VPN does not have the ability to manage Quality of Service (QoS) over the Internet environment, so data packages are still at risk of being lost and risky. The management ability of VPN providers is limited, no one can predict what can happen to their customers, or in short, they can be hacked.

5. Why do you need a VPN service?

Browsing or banking on an unsecured WiFi network means you could be exposing your personal information and browsing habits. That's why a VPN is a must for anyone concerned about online privacy and security.

Have you ever logged into your online banking account in the lobby of your hotel? Or maybe you paid your credit card bill online while sipping a mocha at your favorite coffee shop. If you did this without first logging into a VPN, you could be exposing your personal information and browsing habits to hackers and cybercriminals.

Unless you log into a private WiFi network that requires a password, any data transmitted during your online sessions can be easily eavesdropped by strangers using the same network.

That’s where a VPN comes in: A VPN encrypts your data online, scrambling it so it can’t be read by strangers. The encryption a VPN provides keeps your online activities private, including everything from sending emails and shopping online to paying bills or chatting with your doctor.

A VPN can also hide your IP address so snoopers don’t know you’re surfing the web, downloading files, and commenting on Reddit groups. A VPN encrypts the data you send and receive on whatever device you’re using, including your phone, laptop, or tablet. It sends your data through a secure tunnel to the VPN provider’s servers. Your data is encrypted and rerouted to whatever website you’re trying to access.

6. What to expect in VPN services?

The VPN market is full of options, so it's important to consider your needs when shopping for a VPN.

Think about what's important to you. Do you want to surf the web anonymously by hiding your IP address? Are you worried about your information being stolen on public WiFi? Are you a frequent traveler who wants to be able to watch your favorite shows on the go?

A good VPN can help you meet all of those needs, but there are a few other points to consider.

7. How to choose a VPN

One smart way to stay safe when using public WiFi is to use a VPN solution. But what is the best way to choose a virtual private network? Here are some questions to ask when choosing a VPN provider.

  • Do they respect your privacy? The purpose of using a VPN is to protect your privacy, so it’s important that your VPN provider respects your privacy as well. They should have a no-logs policy, meaning they never monitor or log your online activities.
  • Do they run the latest protocol? OpenVPN offers stronger security than other protocols, such as PPTP. OpenVPN is open source software that supports all major operating systems.
  • Do they have data caps? Depending on your internet usage, bandwidth can be a big deciding factor for you. Make sure their services fit your needs by checking to see if you get full bandwidth, with no data caps.
  • Where are the servers located? Decide which server location is important to you. If you want to appear as if you are accessing the web from a certain locale, make sure there is a server in that country.
  • Can you set up VPN access on multiple devices? If you’re like the average consumer, you probably use between three and five devices. Ideally, you’d be able to use a VPN on all of them at once.
  • How much does a VPN cost? If price is important to you, you may think that a free VPN is the best option. However, keep in mind that some VPN services may not cost you any money, but you may have to pay for them in other ways, such as showing you regular ads or having your personal information collected and sold to third parties. If you compare paid and free options, you may find that free VPNs:
    • Does not provide the latest or secure protocols
    • Does not provide the highest bandwidth and connection speed for free users
    • Has a higher disconnection rate
    • Not many servers in many countries around the world
    • No support provided

There are many things to consider when choosing a VPN, so do some testing at home to make sure you get the right VPN for your needs. Regardless of which provider you choose, rest assured that a good VPN will provide you with greater security, privacy, and anonymity online than a public WiFi hotspot.

VPN Pricing

It makes sense to choose your VPN provider based on price. After all, we all want to spend as little as possible each month, right?

But focusing solely on price can be a mistake. You want a VPN provider that protects your online privacy and encrypts the data you send and receive. You want it to be reliable and connect quickly. All of these factors are as important—if not more important—than price.

That means most VPN providers charge similar prices, typically ranging from $9.99 to $12.99/month, with some exceptions. However, when looking at pricing, make sure you understand what you’re getting.

For example, a provider might charge you as little as $4.99 per month to provide VPN protection on one device. However, the provider might charge $9.99 per month to provide the same service on 10 devices. You can also reduce your monthly costs by signing up for a longer term. You’ll typically spend less per month if you sign up for a 1-year VPN plan than if you choose to pay monthly.

Is there a free version?

Many top providers offer free versions of VPNs. However, free versions may have limitations – for example, on the amount of data you can use.

Some VPN providers offer free trials of their paid versions. Trial periods typically last about a month. Some allow access to most of the VPN features of the paid service, although there may be data restrictions.

If you sign up for a free trial, you will provide the same personal and payment information you would use if you signed up for a paid service. You can cancel your account before the end of the trial period. If you do not cancel, the provider will begin charging you to continue using the service.

Please note that some free VPNs may collect and share or sell your data to third parties for marketing purposes, while others may not block ads.

Number of servers

More important than price is the number of servers your VPN provider offers. Generally, the more servers, the better.

Why? VPNs that don't offer a lot of servers often struggle with slow online speeds. This can be a problem if you first connect to a VPN and start downloading files or streaming videos.

If there are too many users on the same server, it can become overloaded. When that happens, you will notice a slowdown in your browsing speed.

When considering a VPN provider, make sure you sign up with one that has a high server count. How many servers is enough? There’s no one answer to that. But VPN services with 1,000 or more servers may be less likely to be overloaded.

8. How does a VPN protect your IP address and privacy?

Essentially, a VPN creates a data tunnel between your local network and an exit node in another location, possibly thousands of miles away, making it appear as though you are in a different place. This benefit allows for online freedom or the ability to access your favorite apps and websites while on the go.

Here’s a closer look at how a virtual private network works. A VPN uses encryption to scramble data as it travels over a WiFi network. Encryption makes the data unreadable. Data security is especially important when using public WiFi because it prevents anyone else on the network from eavesdropping on your Internet activity.

There’s another aspect to privacy. Without a VPN, your internet service provider can see your entire browsing history. With a VPN, your search history is hidden. That’s because your web activity is tied to the VPN server’s IP address, not yours.

A VPN provider may have servers all over the world. This means that your search activity could originate from any of them. Note that search engines also track your search history, but they will associate that information with an IP address that is not yours. Again, a VPN will keep your online activity private.

9. What does a VPN hide?

VPNs can hide a lot of information that could put your privacy at risk, including.

Your browsing history

It's no secret that when you surf the Internet, your Internet service provider and your web browser can track everything you do on the Internet. Many of the websites you visit can also keep a history. Web browsers can track your search history and link that information to your IP address.

Here are two examples of why you might want to keep your browsing history private. Maybe you have a medical condition and are searching the web for information about treatment options. Without a VPN, you’re automatically sharing that information and could start receiving targeted ads that could draw more attention to your condition.

Or maybe you just want to see airfares for a flight next month. The travel sites you visit know you're looking for tickets, and they may not show you the cheapest fares available.

These are just a few isolated examples. Remember that your Internet service provider may sell your browsing history. Even so-called private browsing may not be as private as you think.

Your IP address and location

Whenever you connect to the internet, your IP address is visible to everyone on the web. This makes it easy for hackers, ISPs, and other organizations to track your online activities. Your IP address can be used by ISPs to collect data about your browsing activities, restrict access to certain sites, and even throttle your internet connection speed. Cybercriminals can use it for malicious purposes. Even if you use the web anonymously and don't use your real name, your IP address can still be used to identify you.

Anyone who gets your IP address can access what you search for on the Internet and where you are when you search. Think of your IP address as the return address you put on a letter. It can lead back to your device.

Fortunately, a VPN can hide your IP address by rerouting your traffic through one of its servers. This ensures that anyone monitoring the web won't be able to trace your online activity or location.

Because a VPN uses an IP address that is not your own, it allows you to maintain your online privacy and search the web anonymously. You are also protected from having your search history collected, viewed, or sold. Please note that your search history may still be visible if you are using a public computer or one provided by your employer, school, or other organization.

Your streaming location

You may pay for streaming services that let you watch things like professional sports. When you travel abroad, these streaming services may not be available. There are legitimate reasons for this, including contractual terms and regulations in other countries. However, a VPN will allow you to choose an IP address in your own country. This can give you access to any events shown on your streaming service. You can also avoid data logging or speed throttling.

Your device

VPNs can help protect your devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones, from prying eyes. Your devices can be a prime target for cybercriminals when you’re online, especially if you’re using public WiFi. In short, VPNs help protect the data you send and receive on your devices so hackers can’t track your every move.

Web Activism to Maintain Internet Freedom

Hopefully, you are not the subject of any organization’s surveillance, but anything is possible. Remember that a VPN protects your internet service provider from seeing your browsing history, so you are protected if an organization asks your service provider for records of your internet activity. Assuming your VPN provider does not log your browsing history, a VPN can help protect your freedom to use the internet.

10. What doesn't a VPN hide?

VPNs offer many advantages when it comes to online privacy and security, but they don't provide complete privacy protection, as there are still some things that VPNs can't hide.

Account Activity

A VPN can encrypt your web traffic, hide your IP address, and spoof your location, but it can’t protect you from being tracked by online services. When you sign up for a website or online service, the company can still track your activities within their own platform. So if you use Gmail, Facebook, or Twitter with a VPN on, your account activities won’t actually be hidden.

Payment information

A man enters payment details from a card on a laptop

Enabling a VPN can help protect you from hackers and snoopers, but it can’t protect you from financial fraud. When you make online purchases with a credit card or PayPal, the company can still access your payment information. Even if you’re using a VPN, it’s important to take extra precautions when shopping online and always use secure payment methods.

Malware and viruses

VPNs can do a lot to protect your system from intruders, but can they protect you from malware? Unfortunately, using a VPN while browsing the internet won’t prevent malware or viruses from infecting your device. It can actually make things worse, as VPNs can route you through untrusted networks that may contain malware.

Even if you are using a VPN, it is important to have a good antivirus installed on your device, if you want to stay safe from malicious attacks.

Device MAC address

Your VPN can hide your IP address, but it cannot hide your device's MAC (Media Access Control) address. This is a unique identifier assigned to every device on the network and can be used to track your activities.

Data usage

Your ISP will still be able to see how much data you’re using, even if you’re using a VPN. Additionally, some ISPs have data caps that limit how much data you can use each month, and these restrictions will still apply even if you’re using a VPN.

11. Can I set up VPN access on multiple devices?

If you're an average consumer, you'll likely use between 3 and 5 devices. Ideally, you'll be able to use a VPN on all of them at once.

How much does this option cost? If price is important to you, you may think that a free VPN is the best option. However, keep in mind that some VPN services may not charge you anything on the face of it, but you will have to make other trade-offs,
such as seeing frequent ads or having your personal information collected and sold to third parties. If you compare paid and free options, you may find that free VPNs:

  • Does not provide the latest or most secure protocols
  • Does not provide the highest bandwidth and connection speed for free users
  • Has a higher disconnection rate
  • Not many servers in many countries around the world
  • No support provided

There are many things to consider when choosing a VPN, so do your due diligence to make sure you’re getting the right VPN for your needs. Regardless of which provider you choose, rest assured that a good VPN will provide more security, privacy, and anonymity online than a public WiFi hotspot can.

12. Do you need a VPN at home?

What if you're logging into the Internet from home? Do you need a VPN?

Probably not. When you set up your home WiFi network, you probably already protect it with a password. So you probably don’t need the added security of a VPN to protect your online activity.

Investing in a VPN for home use can be a waste of money unless you want to keep your web browsing private from your Internet service provider (ISP) or if you choose to access streaming content or sports news that you can't access from your location.

You could invest in a VPN service provider to access the Internet at home, but that’s not a financially wise move. It’s worth noting that you could consider a free VPN, but those services may cover their costs in other ways, such as selling your data to third parties for marketing purposes.

There are exceptions to the rule that you might consider using a VPN at home. You might want to use a VPN if you’re worried about your ISP monitoring your online activity. If you connect to the internet through a VPN, your internet service provider won’t be able to see what you’re doing online. However, the company that provides your VPN service will. If you trust that company more than your internet service provider, then using a VPN at home might make sense.

There is another reason to use a VPN. It can help you stream content or watch sporting events that are not available in your location. Remember that you should understand any contractual agreements you have with your streaming service provider. Furthermore, government regulations in other regions or countries may make this a bad idea.

13. VPN Terminology

Learning about VPNs can seem like it requires specialized vocabulary. Here's a glossary with definitions of some of the most common terms you'll see.

AES Encryption

Encryption is essential to help keep your data from being read by hackers, private companies, and possibly even government agencies. Encryption scrambles your data so that it cannot be understood by others without a specific decryption key. AES, which stands for Advanced Encryption Standard, is an encryption method developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. In 2002, AES became the United States federal standard for encryption. Since then, it has become the standard form of encryption for the rest of the world as well.

Browser history

A record of all your Internet activity using a particular web browser, including the keywords you searched for and the websites you visited.

Geographical restrictions

One of the main reasons people rely on VPNs? They want to bypass geo-restrictions. These restrictions are often put in place by entertainment companies that only want to distribute content to certain regions.

For example, Netflix may offer content in the United States but not in the United Kingdom. It may offer shows in the United Kingdom that Netflix users in the United States cannot access. By using a VPN with a UK-based IP address, viewers in the United States can try to access Netflix shows that are not available in their country.

VPN services – and VPN connections – hide the location of your internet connection. Check your streaming service's agreement for terms of service, and also note that some countries may impose penalties for using a VPN to circumvent their rules.

Google search history

A log of all your Internet searches using the Google search engine.

IP Address

IP stands for Internet Protocol and an IP address is a string of numbers and dots that identifies a computer that is using the Internet protocol to send and receive data over a network.

IPsec

IPsec is a set of protocols or rules that a virtual private network uses to secure a private connection between two points, usually a device like a laptop or smartphone, and the Internet. Without these protocols, a VPN cannot encrypt data and ensure the privacy of a user's data. IPsec stands for Internet Protocol Security.

ISP

Short for Internet Service Provider, this is the service you pay for to connect to the Internet. ISPs can record your browsing history and may sell it to third parties for marketing or other purposes.

Kill switch

Users sign up with VPN providers to secure their data and privacy online. But what happens if the VPN provider’s network connection fails? Your computer or mobile device will default to the public IP address provided by your ISP. This means that your online activity is now vulnerable to being tracked. However, a kill switch prevents this from happening. If your VPN provider’s connection fails, the kill switch feature will completely cut off your connection to the Internet. This way, your online activity will not be tracked by others. Not all VPN providers offer this feature, so look for it when shopping around.

L2TP

The acronym L2TP stands for Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol and is a set of rules that allow Internet service providers to enable VPNs. However, L2TP itself does not encrypt data and therefore does not provide complete privacy to users. That is why L2TP is often used with IPsec to help protect users' online privacy.

Public WiFi

A public wireless network allows you to connect your computer or other device to the Internet. Public WiFi is often unsecured and vulnerable to hackers.

Search Engine

A service that allows you to search for information using keywords on the Internet. Many popular search engines record your search history and may monetize that information.

Service Provider

A company that provides a virtual private network - essentially routing your connection through a remote server and encrypting your data.

Simultaneous connections

You probably have a lot of devices connected to the Internet at once, everything from your smartphone to your laptop to the desktop computer in your home office. Many VPN providers now offer protection for all of your simultaneous Internet connections under one account. This is important: You might think about logging into your VPN before you browse the Internet on your laptop. But if your smartphone isn’t protected by a secure VPN, your browsing activity on that device won’t be protected.

Virtual Private Network

VPN gives you privacy and anonymity online by creating a private network from your public Internet connection. It masks your Internet protocol address to keep your online activities private. It provides secure and encrypted connections to provide greater privacy and security for the data you send and receive.

VPN Connection

A virtual private network connection allows you to access the Internet through a remote server, hide your real location and browsing history, and encrypt your data.

VPN Privacy

This refers to the privacy that using a VPN provides. For example, a VPN encrypts your data, disguises your location, and hides your browsing history and the data you transmit over the Internet.

VPN client

VPN clients make it easier for users to connect to a virtual private network. That’s because they’re the actual software installed on your computer, phone, or tablet. Most popular operating systems, such as Android, Windows, and iOS, come with VPN client software pre-installed. However, many users choose to work with third-party VPN clients that offer different features and user interfaces.

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