James Webb Space Telescope Captures Stunning Image of 'Cosmic Tornado'The James Webb Space Telescope has just sent scientists another spectacular image of the universe, this time showing the impressive scene around a "newborn" star. Young stars in the process of formation can release extremely hot jets of gas, and when these jets collide with surrounding dust and gas, they form special structures called Herbig-Haro objects with majestic beauty.
This new image shows the Herbig-Haro 49/50 object, located just 630 light-years from Earth in the constellation Chamaeleon. Scientists had previously observed the object with the Spitzer Space Telescope, and dubbed it the “Cosmic Vortex” because of its funnel-like shape. To see how much James Webb can capture detailed images of objects like this, you can compare the 2006 Spitzer image with the new James Webb image.
If you look closely at the full image, you’ll notice an object in the upper left corner, right at the top of the “vortex.” Previously, when Spitzer observed it, researchers saw only a faint spot there and couldn’t figure out what it was. But with Webb, it’s now clear that it’s actually a spiral galaxy in the background, which happens to line up with the Herbig-Haro object as seen from Earth.
The object was observed using Webb's two instruments: NIRCam (Near Infrared Camera) and MIRI (Mid Infrared Instrument), each of which observes at slightly different infrared wavelengths to create a more detailed picture of the target. These instruments captured glowing hydrogen molecules, carbon dioxide, and dust, shown in red and orange.
These gas and dust grains are being stimulated by jets of material ejected from a protostar called Cederblad 110 IRS4, which is thought to be the source of the object. This particular star doesn't appear in Webb's image, but it is located at the bottom and right of the image.
This protostar is only a few tens of thousands to a million years old, compared to our Sun, which is 4.5 billion years old. But the dust clouds in this region—called the Chamaeleon I Cloud Complex—are very similar to what our Sun might have formed. Images like these help scientists better understand the tumultuous stages of young stars’ development.
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