Rain and floods in the Central region have caused many serious losses in both life and property, leading to long-term consequences on the health of people in the floodplain. In the face of increasingly fierce natural disasters, each person needs to have a sense of self-protection and their family. Below is a list of 5 common diseases that need attention during the rainy and flood season and some essential notes to ensure the health of the people.
After floods, in areas hit by natural disasters, water sources are often dirty, polluted by sewers, mud, dead animal carcasses ... mixed with water from rivers, streams, lakes, causing bacteria. Viruses and parasites have conditions for multiplying, developing, and spreading pathogens.
People are susceptible to skin diseases (rashes, pimples, foot fungus, foot water, scabies, dermatitis, folliculitis, scabies, ringworm, vitiligo ...). To prevent skin diseases, people should:
Do not wear wet clothes, use dirty water for living
Do not swim, bathe or play in flooded water because the water is very dirty, in addition to causing skin diseases but also causing gastrointestinal disease by swallowing dirty water.
Avoid wading into stagnant dirty water
If you must wade into dirty water, immediately wash it with clean water and dry, especially between your fingers and toes.
Diseases of the intestinal tract and gastrointestinal tract ( diarrhea caused by E. coli bacteria, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, hepatitis A ... are also at risk of outbreaks during the rainy season. unhygienic water sources, contaminated food.
The Ministry of Health recommends that people need to prevent diseases by ensuring treatment of drinking water, environmental sanitation and personal hygiene:
Follow the principle of "Eat well, drink cooked"
Ensuring food safety and hygiene;
Ensure enough clean water for eating and drinking
Wash hands with soap before eating, after using the toilet
Handle well the sources of manure, waste, garbage and dead animals
Drink or vaccinate when indicated for diseases already vaccinated.
Respiratory diseases such as colds, flu, pharyngitis, and respiratory infections are very common in children and the elderly - subjects with weaker resistance. Residents need:
Keep warm in cold weather, especially children and the elderly
Limit contact with people with flu symptoms, respiratory infections
Ensure adequate nutrition
Timely diagnosis and treatment to limit complications.
Everyone should take care not to wash their face or shower with dirty water
Do not let children bathe or play with dirty water
Wash your hands with soap and clean water
Do not share a washcloth and basin with someone with red eye pain
Eye drops (Chloramphenicol 0.4% or Argirol 1%) for all people at risk of exposure to dirty water.
The Ministry of Health also recommends paying attention to kill flies because flies transmit red-eye disease from sick to healthy people.
One disease to pay special attention to is dengue fever in the recent rainy and flood conditions.
To prevent disease, it is necessary to sleep nets, wear long clothes to prevent mosquito bites even during the day
Eliminate larvae, larvae, rodents, and handle water containers to prevent mosquitoes from laying eggs
When having a fever, it is necessary to immediately go to the medical facility to be examined and treated. Do not arbitrarily treat at home.
In the flooded areas, water sources, water supply and drainage works, and sanitation works were destroyed, making the shortage of clean water even more serious. In order to have a safe source of water for living after floods, to ensure health and prevent epidemics, the Ministry of Health recommends that people use the following simple water cleaning measures:
Make in acid alum: Use alum with a dose of 1g alum (a piece is about half the size of a finger) for 20 liters of water. Scoop a ladle of water, dissolve the amount of alum equivalent to the volume of water to dissolve it, put it in a water container and stir, wait about 30 minutes for sediment to settle to the bottom and decant to get clear water.
If alum is not available, you can use a clean cloth to filter the water, keep the dirt, do several times until the water is clear (note the cotton filter to filter the water through, need to change the cloth when you see residue filter cloth many).
In case it is necessary to use a water source that is too turbid or a lot of sediment, it is necessary to filter out the sediment by layers of curtain cloth before doing it in the water.
After the water has been clear, water should be disinfected . Water can be chemically disinfected or boiled.
Chemical water disinfection
For households: Usually disinfect water with Cloramin B. Currently the most popular is Cloramin B tablets 0.25g or 67mg Aquatabs tablets, which are convenient for disinfecting small volumes of water such as jars, jars, pots, buckets, small water basin or tank. A 0.25g Cloramin B tablet can disinfect 25l of water, a 67mg Aquatabs tablet can disinfect 20l of clear water.
For water supply for collectives or many households to use: Disinfection with powder chemicals (usually 27% active chlorine chloride, lime chloride) and must be directed and instructed by health officials. show.
Powder chemical disinfection: Often used for disinfection of large volumes of water. The amount of powder required is calculated on the basis of the required concentration of 10 mg of active chloramine in ll water.
How to sterilize
Pour 1 tablet of Cloramin B 0.25g into a container of 25l of clear water, stir, cover, wait 30 minutes after it can be used as potable water.
Put 1 tablet of Aquatabs 67mg into a container of 20 liters of clear water, stir, cover, wait for 30 minutes, you can use it.
For 27% Cloramine B powder, to disinfect about 300l of water: Dissolve 3g of 27% Cloramine B powder (equivalent to 1/3 tablespoon) in a bucket of water and pour into a tank or tank containing 300 liters of water made in, mix well, wait for 30 minutes, then can be used.
Note when disinfecting water
The disinfected water can be used for domestic purposes. However, this water still has to be boiled before drinking it directly
Do not carry out sterilization at the same time with alum because alum makes chlorine disinfectant.
After disinfection can smell chlorine, then the disinfection will take effect. If you add too much chlorine, open the lid, wait another half hour or 1 hour to reduce the strong smell.
Boil water
Use only water to drink directly after it has boiled. Water after boiling should not be left for too long, so boil fresh water every day to drink.
In the absence of disinfectant chemicals, eat and drink only well boiled water, and do not eat raw vegetables washed with unpasteurized water.
In addition to the above water treatment measures, households can use additional filtration equipment to treat water. Water filtration efficiency of the device depends on the input water quality, filtration technology, the condition and quality of the filter, the time of use ...
Currently there are many types of water purification equipment of many brands with different types of technology. It is recommended to use the equipment that has been verified, licensed by the authorities, and at the same time complying with the manufacturer's instructions to ensure water filtration efficiency.
Note, the input water of water filters must be clear water, do not use surface water directly from ponds, rivers, canals ... to avoid clogging the filter.
Well cleaning : Cleaning the well walls and foundation, clearing flooded water around the well. Before cleaning and disinfecting water, wells must be dredged, removed from mud, and washed into wells.
L sound in water : Use alum dosage 50g / 1m3 of water, if the increase in turbidity many alum but maximum 100g / 1m3. Chopped up, dissolve all the alum in the pot. Add acid water to the bucket to scoop the water and drop it strongly into the well, then pull the bucket up and down about 10 times and wait 30 minutes before performing the water disinfection step.
Well water disinfection : It is estimated how many m3 (1 ball is equal to 1m3) of water in the well, for every 1m3 dissolved 10 - 20g of Chloramine B equivalent to 1-2 tablespoons (depending on the turbidity of the water). Scoop a bucket of water, mix the above chemicals into the water, stir to dissolve all chemicals. Drop the dandruff into the well, pull it up and down about 10 times.
Note when treating well water
After 30 minutes, scoop up water to smell chlorine. If you do not smell chlorine in the water, add about 1/3 teaspoon of Chloramine B powder, stir well and then put into the well until the water smells like Chlo to ensure. Use this well water to water the well to disinfect
After 30 minutes to use water (to ensure excess chlorine (0.3 - 0.5mg / liter) .If you give too much choloramine B, wait until the smell of chlorine is gone.
Do not carry out sterilization at the same time with alum. Water after being clear and disinfected must still be boiled to drink.
Remove the rubber and plastic wire covering the borehole mouth. Scrub the hose, rod and well foundation. Clear drains around the well. Pump out cloudy water, then pump continuously for another 15 minutes, remove the water then use.
The Ministry of Health recommends agencies, units and people to take the initiative and participate in implementing measures to prevent diseases and epidemics during storms, floods and floods:
Ensure safe, hygienic food preparation and food preparation, and eat cooked food and boiled water
Wash your hands often with soap before and after handling food, before eating, and after using the toilet
Daily personal hygiene, clean feet and dry between toes after exposure to flood water, contaminated water
Residents must regularly destroy larvae / larvae, kill mosquitoes by covering tanks, water tanks, placing fish in large water containers, removing wastes such as bottles, jars, car tires ... or natural water holes to keep mosquitoes from laying eggs
Blind sleep during the day
Regularly clean water tanks, wells, water containers, and use chemicals to disinfect drinking and living water according to the guidance of health workers.
Follow the principle of how far the water drains, clean it, collect, process and bury the dead objects according to the guidance of medical staff.
When there are signs of suspicion of infection, it is necessary to seek examination and treatment at the nearest medical facility.
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