Teaching methods to detect and solve problems

Since the 1960s, teachers have been familiar with the term "problem-based teaching", but so far have not been able to apply it properly. Some people think that the term “problem raised” can be misleading as the teacher raises the problem for the students to solve, so it is suggested to replace “problem” with “problem”. In fact, first of all, it is necessary to train students to be able to detect problems from a learning or practical situation. This is an ability that is very important to a person and is not easily acquired. On the other hand, success in life not only depends on the ability to promptly detect problems that arise in practice, but the next important step is to properly solve the problems posed. Therefore, today, people tend to use the term "discovery and problem-solving teaching".

1, NATURE ONLY

Problem-finding and problem-solving teaching is a teaching method in which teachers create problem situations, control students to discover problems, and act autonomously, actively, proactively and creatively to solve problems. solve problems and thereby acquire knowledge, practice skills and achieve other learning goals. The basic feature of teaching problem discovery and solving is "problem-provoking situations" because "thinking begins only when a problem situation appears" (Rubinstein).

A problem  situation (problem-provoking situation) is one that presents students with theoretical or practical difficulties that they feel need to be overcome, but not immediately by means of an algorithm. , but must go through the process of actively thinking, working to transform the object of action or adjust existing knowledge.

2, IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

Step 1.  Detect or penetrate the problem

• Spotting a problem from a problem-provoking situation
• Explain and correct the situation (when necessary) to properly understand the problem posed
• State the problem and set a goal to solve it

Step 2:  Find the solution

Find a way to solve the problem, usually done according to the following scheme:

Step 3.  Present the solution

Students present everything from problem statement to solution. If the problem is a given topic, there may be no need to restate the problem

Step 4.  Deeply research the solution

• Find out the possibilities of applying the results
• Propose new related problems by analogies, generalizations, inversions, etc., and solve them if possible

3, ADVANTAGES

• This teaching method makes a positive contribution to the training of students' critical and creative thinking. On the basis of using their knowledge and experience, students will consider, evaluate and see the problem that needs to be solved.
• This is a teaching method that develops the ability to explore and consider from many different angles. While discovering and solving problems, students will mobilize their knowledge and personal ability, the ability to cooperate, exchange and discuss with friends to find the best way to solve the problem.
• Through problem solving, students acquire knowledge, skills and cognitive methods (“problem solving” is no longer just the category of methods but has become a teaching goal, specifically can be transformed into a goal of developing problem-solving capacity, a capacity that has a leading position for people to adapt to the development of society)

4, LIMITED

• This teaching method requires teachers to invest a lot of time and effort, to have good pedagogical capacity, to think to create many problem-provoking situations and to guide exploration to discover and solve. problem.
• Organizing a lesson or a part of a lesson by the method of problem detection and solving requires more time than conventional methods. Moreover, according to Lecne: "Only certain knowledge and operational methods, skillfully selected and well-founded, can become the object of problem-based teaching".

See also: Ask questions according to students' cognitive level