How to use constants in Golang
What is a Constant or Const in Golang? Here's what you need to know about using constants in Go.
A structure or struct in Golang is a user-defined type that allows us to create a group of elements of different types into a single unit. Any real-world entity that has some set of properties or fields can be represented as a struct.
How to use nested structures in Golang
Go language allows nested structures. A structure that is a field of another structure is called a Nested Structure. In other words, a structure inside another structure is called a Nested Structure. Syntax:
type struct_name_1 struct{
// Các trường
}
type struct_name_2 struct{
variable_name struct_name_1
}
Consider the following example to understand nested structure in Golang:
Example 1:
// Chương trình Go minh hoạc
// cấu trúc lồng nhau
package main
import "fmt"
// Tạo cấu trúc
type Author struct {
name string
branch string
year int
}
// Tạo cấu trúc lòng nhau
type HR struct {
// cấu trúc là một trường
details Author
}
func main() {
// Khởi tạo các trường
// của cấu trúc
result := HR{
details: Author{"Sona", "ECE", 2013},
}
// Hiện giá trị
fmt.Println("\nDetails of Author")
fmt.Println(result)
}
Result:
Details of Author
{{Sona ECE 2013}}
Example 2:
// Chương trình Golang minh họa
// cấu trúc lồng nhau
package main
import "fmt"
// Tạo cấu trúc
type Student struct {
name string
branch string
year int
}
// Tạo cấu trúc lồng nhau
type Teacher struct {
name string
subject string
exp int
details Student
}
func main() {
// Khởi tạo các trường
// của cấu trúc
result := Teacher{
name: "Suman",
subject: "Java",
exp: 5,
details: Student{"Bongo", "CSE", 2},
}
// Hiện giá trị
fmt.Println("Details of the Teacher")
fmt.Println("Teacher's name: ", result.name)
fmt.Println("Subject: ", result.subject)
fmt.Println("Experience: ", result.exp)
fmt.Println("\nDetails of Student")
fmt.Println("Student's name: ", result.details.name)
fmt.Println("Student's branch name: ", result.details.branch)
fmt.Println("Year: ", result.details.year)
}
Result:
Details of the Teacher
Teacher's name: Suman
Subject: Java
Experience: 5
Details of Student
Student's name: Bongo
Student's branch name: CSE
Year: 2
Example 3:
In Go, a structure can have fields that are themselves structures, called nested structures. Here is an example of a structure that has a nested structure:
package main
import (
"fmt"
)
type Address struct {
Street string
City string
State string
PostalCode string
}
type Person struct {
FirstName string
LastName string
Age int
Address Address
}
func main() {
p := Person{
FirstName: "John",
LastName: "Doe",
Age: 30,
Address: Address{
Street: "123 Main St",
City: "Anytown",
State: "CA",
PostalCode: "12345",
},
}
fmt.Println(p.FirstName, p.LastName)
fmt.Println("Age:", p.Age)
fmt.Println("Address:")
fmt.Println("Street:", p.Address.Street)
fmt.Println("City:", p.Address.City)
fmt.Println("State:", p.Address.State)
fmt.Println("Postal Code:", p.Address.PostalCode)
}
Result:
John Doe
Age: 30
Address:
Street: 123 Main St
City: Anytown
State: CA
Postal Code: 12345
Here, we define two struct types: Person and Address. Person has a nested struct field called Address. In the main function, we create a new instance of Person with an Address field. Then, we print the values of various fields of the Person and Address structs using dot notation to access the nested fields.
What is a Constant or Const in Golang? Here's what you need to know about using constants in Go.
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